Ivan Pavlov:
1. What was Pavlov actually studying when he developed his theory of classical conditioning?
Pavlov was originally studying and researching about the physiology of digestion. In his expirement he studied the silavery in dogs digestion.
2. Explain (in detail) how Pavlov's experiment was conducted.
Pavlov idea was actually to make the dog salivate without having the food right in front of him. So what he did was that he got the dog and gave him some food and he was salivating, after that he gave him food and rang a bell. As a result every time the bell was rang the dog started to salivate even though the food was not there because he knew that after the bell the food came.
3. Identify the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response from Pavlov's experiment.
the conditioned stimulus was the bell
the unconditioned stimulus was the food
the conditioned response was the salivation of the dog.
4. Explain what extinction means in relation to classical conditioning.
Extinction is a gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of the conditional response tendency.
5. Explain what stimulus generalization means in relation to classical conditioning.
Stimulus generalization is the tendency for the conditioned stimulus to produce similar responses after the response has been conditioned
6. Explain what stimulus discrimination means in relation to classical conditioning.
stimulus discrimination is the ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that have not been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
7. Explain at least two limitations of this experiment.
The limitations is that it was used in dogs and for humans it would of be a different procedure, and that Pavlov had to work on the dogs glands for the salivery.
8. Explain what Pavlov theorized about how we learn.
The theorized we could conclude that the way we learn is by association
John B. Watson:
1. Explain (in detail) how Watson's "Little Albert" study was conducted. Watson was using the study of how behaviorsim works. So he used Litlle Albert to test. He places many animals to little albert and nothing seemed to really scared him or make him cause and bog noise, after some months later they presented little albert some animals again and one of them was a furry white rat, while albert had this animal infront of him Watson and the expirimental made a sound so it scared Litlle Albert, after this happended every then any furry object was near Litlle albert he screamed and cried a lot because he was scared.
2. Identify the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response from Watson's study
Condtioned Stimulus: The rat.
Unconditioned Stimulus: The noise.
Conditioned response: Baby crying.
3. Explain at least two limitations of this study.
The limitations were Unethical means and it cannot be replicated
4. Explain Watson's law of frequency
The law of frequency states that the most often events are linked, the more powerful will be the association.
5. Explain Watson's law of recency.
the law of recency states that the response that has most recently occurred after a particular stimulus is the response most likely to be associated with that stimulus.
6. Explain the basic assumptions of behaviorism according to Watson.
Behaviorism: all behavior is determined by our environment. Should not study any mental process because it cannot be observed – only behavior can be observed so it is the only reliable subject for study. How we act in.
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